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- WORLD, Page 28BRITAINDeath of A Tycoon
-
-
- The sudden demise of Robert Maxwell clouds the future of the
- troubled empire he leaves behind. Can his sons hold it together?
-
- By BARBARA RUDOLPH -- With reporting by Helen Gibson/London,
- Jane Walker/Madrid and Adam Zagorin/Brussels
-
-
- When Robert Maxwell went over the side of his yacht off
- the Canary Islands, it was a death scene made to order for pulp
- publishing. He could have made millions with the tabloid rehash
- in his popular weeklies, the trash book and the movie and
- television rights. But without him to patch together such a
- deal, the ripples from his final fall threatened to sink some
- of the media empire he had built.
-
- The imperious tycoon, decorated war hero and Holocaust
- survivor was last seen alive in the predawn light, pacing on the
- deck of his yacht, the Lady Ghislaine, as it cruised in the
- calm waters of the Atlantic. Only late in the morning, after a
- phone call to his stateroom went unanswered, was he reported
- missing. About six hours afterward, Maxwell's 6-ft. 2-in.,
- 280-lb. body was found floating naked in the sea.
-
- Did Maxwell, 68, commit suicide because he was distraught
- about the tangled affairs of his debt-laden companies? Was his
- death somehow related to his alleged links with Israeli
- intelligence? Only two weeks earlier, Seymour Hersh had alleged
- in his book The Samson Option that the billionaire maintained
- ties to Mossad. (Maxwell promptly sued for libel.) If he did
- indeed have a Mossad connection, did that give someone a reason
- to have Maxwell killed? Other seemingly farfetched speculation
- suggests a CIA connection. Or, alternatively, did a member of
- his crew, rumored to be occasional victims of his wrath, exact
- revenge?
-
- Provisionally, the Spanish magistrate charged with
- investigating the death settled on the most innocent
- explanation: Maxwell died of natural causes, probably suffering
- a heart attack before he fell overboard. Since he was found
- floating (a drowned body normally takes about three days to
- surface), that theory is not without merit. Most likely, no one
- will ever know the full story behind Maxwell's death.
-
- Without him, however, there can be no doubt that his
- far-flung corporate kingdom will never be the same. Maxwell's
- properties, which include Macmillan Publishers and the
- London-based Daily Mirror as well as printing plants, the
- Israeli newspaper Ma'ariv and several professional soccer teams,
- are joined by a complex web of interlocking connections, all
- masterminded by Maxwell and Maxwell alone. "You've lost the
- force majeure, the single persona that held it all together,"
- says John Reidy, a New York City media analyst at Smith Barney.
-
- Two of Maxwell's sons, Kevin, 32, and Ian, 35, were
- quickly named their father's successors. Kevin will take over
- the American arm of the Maxwell domain, Maxwell Communication
- Corp., and his brother will run the Mirror Group Newspapers in
- Britain. The young Maxwells face the same challenge that
- confronts most media barons these days: massive debt. No one
- outside the company, and not many inside it, knows precisely
- what Maxwell's debts are. That is because a number of his
- interests were privately held. The details of their loan
- arrangements thus remain safe from the scrutiny of public
- shareholders.
-
- Moreover, many of the debts of the private firms were
- assumed by pledging, as collateral, shares in Maxwell's two
- publicly traded companies, Mirror Group Newspapers and Maxwell
- Communication. Mirror Group shares had been declining even
- before Maxwell died, and were off more than 30% between May and
- the suspension in trading that followed Maxwell's death. But
- because the Mirror Group remains solidly profitable, they
- bounced back 45% after trading resumed last week. All told, the
- Maxwell companies probably carry debts of $3.9 billion,
- according to London's Financial Times. That figure was about 50%
- higher than many investors had assumed.
-
- The exhilarations -- and perils -- of bold action were
- part of Maxwell's appetite from the start. Born Jan Ludvik Hoch
- in the Czech village of Solotvino, he lost his parents and four
- siblings at Auschwitz. Having left for Budapest in 1939, he
- arrived in France early the following year and sailed to
- Liverpool a few months later. He won Britain's Military Cross
- in January 1945 for leading a platoon against a German defensive
- position. In London after the war, he launched Pergamon Press,
- a scientific publisher. In 1969 Maxwell lost the company in a
- scandal: he was charged with misrepresenting Pergamon's
- financial condition during a takeover battle. He recaptured the
- firm in 1974 and last March sold it to the Dutch publisher
- Elsevier for $765 million.
-
- Maxwell was a lifelong subscriber to Machiavelli's dictum
- that it is better to be feared than loved. David Adler, who was
- a Maxwell executive for three years, remembers being called on
- the carpet because he was unable to meet his master's plane at
- the airport. (He sent three limousines instead.) "Remember,"
- Maxwell bellowed, "I am the most important person in your life!"
-
- This year Maxwell's reputation spread from Wall Street to
- 42nd Street and the likes of New York City cabdrivers when he
- stepped in as the 11th-hour savior of the city's Daily News,
- whose workers were waging a draining strike against the paper's
- owners, the Tribune Co. Maxwell luxuriated in his role as an
- American media king, appearing in ads for the paper and putting
- on lavish spreads at Washington social functions. The new
- proprietor pocketed $60 million in exchange for taking on the
- News and its debt, but the paper still loses money -- between
- $30 million and $40 million a year, estimates John Morton, a
- newspaper analyst at Lynch, Jones & Ryan in Washington.
-
- More than a few Maxwell assets are probably headed for the
- auction block. Within days of his death, Maxwell Communication
- agreed to sell a 56% stake in Berlitz International to Japan's
- Fukutake Publishing for $265 million. But there is concern that
- the easy asset sales may all have been done, says Jeff Matthews
- of the New York City firm Rocker Partners, which has in the past
- sold short Maxwell stock. "Future sales might be distress
- sales," Matthews suggests.
-
- Meanwhile, Maxwell watchers are keenly following the early
- performance of the younger generation. The sons are acting a lot
- like their father, some already observe. "In moments of greatest
- adversity, that's where they're the coolest; it's bred into the
- family," notes Donald Fruehling, who was a Macmillan executive
- and board member. "Maxwell's whole life was `Never panic,'"
- Adler agrees. "The kids are living that legacy." That is not to
- say, however, that either Kevin or Ian will become another
- Robert Maxwell. There was only one of those.
-
-
- ________________________________________________________________
- MAXWELL'S EMPIRE
-
- Selected list of wholly and partially owned interests at the
- time of his death:
-
- Maxwell Communication
-
- - Macmillan Inc.
- - Official Airline Guides
- - Nimbus Records
- - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill School Publishing
- - Berlitz Intl. (language schools, to be sold)
- - P.F. Collier (encyclopedias)
-
- Mirror Group Newspapers
-
- - Daily Mirror and four other British newspapers
- - Sporting Life
- - Racing Times
-
- Other Holdings
-
- - Daily News (newspaper)
- - European (newspaper)
- - AGB (market research)
- - Berliner Verlag (German newspaper publisher)
- - Magyar Hirlap (Hungarian newspaper)
- - Ma'ariv (Israeli newspaper)
- - Kenya Times Media Trust (newspaper publisher)
- - Manchester United, Oxford United, Reading
- (British football clubs)
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